Simulation and Optimization of Independent Renewable Energy Hybrid System

In this paper the majority of research refers to the optimal configuration of hybrid system that uses renewable energy and wind energy and solar radiation in association with diesel aggregate and batteries. These independent energy systems (hybrid systems) are becoming popular due to increasing energy costs and decreasing prices of turbines and Photo-Voltaic (PV) panels. But the only drawback is that their outputs depend upon the climatic conditions. The main goal to optimization a hybrid system is necessary to obtain the configuration of the system as well as the control strategy that minimizes the total cost through the useful life of the installation to meet the desired consumption and/or the pollutant emissions. The HOGA (Hybrid Optimizations by Genetic Algorithms) program was used to simulate the system operation and calculate technical economic parameters for each configuration. The system configuration of the hybrid is derived based on the data of wind and solar radiation which are related to the southern Croatian coast, as on a theoretical annual load at an observed location. Also, technical data for components are taken from the manufacturer’s specifications (datasheet). In this paper the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used types of generators (synchronous and asynchronous generators) are presented. Results show that the hybrid systems have considerable reductions in carbon emission and cost of the system

A Review and Comparison of Ship Power Simulation Methods

Safe, secure and efficient clean sea shipping proposed by the IMO requires the development of the appropriate design, operating knowledge and tools for assessing energy efficient design and operation of ships. A brief overview of the methods and models of ship power management simulation shows the advantages and disadvantages of representative models. This review includes a comparison of different simulation methods, which implies different models, with the aim of optimizing the production of electricity on board, emission reductions and improved energy efficiency. In addition, the recommended technical solution for contributing to energy efficiency on board is given

Tools of Quality in Determining the Characteristics of Services in Maritime Passenger Transport

The essential purpose of this paper is to show how the tools of quality traditionally used in production processes can be efficiently applied to determining the characteristics of services in maritime passenger transport. Defining the characteristics of services in maritime passenger transport is the key to shipping company’s performance and raising competitive advantages of the overall sea-borne passenger traffic on maritime markets. The paper is based on the application of the QFD (quality function deployment) method and the Ishikawa diagram as an auxiliary tool in the implementation of the QFD method. The insights achieved in this paper can assist the managers of shipping companies in enhancing the existing and the introduction of new competitive services in maritime passenger transport

Optimal Design of Ship’s Hybrid Power System for Efficient Energy

The International Maritime Organization regulations on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from ships require efficient dealing with this complex techno-economic and highly political problem through joint efforts of all major stakeholders from the shipbuilding industry and ship operations. The key problems of any research in the field of renewable energy, including power generation, storage, transformation and distribution, and the issues associated with limited power generation for specific loads, are the same issues that are experienced in the implementation of electric distribution technologies onboard ships. This paper analyses the effects of efficient shipping using the solar panel system and batteries to ensure continuous power supply, regardless of the weather conditions. The logistics chain of this control architecture is modelled by Colored Petri Nets. The economic analysis examines the annual costs of fuel consumption, the initial capital cost, total net cost and CO2 emissions

Integration Sea and River Ports – the Challenge of the Croatian Transport System for the 21st Century

This paper discusses the indicators of development possibilities for sea ports of national importance which are opened for public traffic: Rijeka, Ploče, Zadar, Split and Dubrovnik, as well as for inland water ports: Vukovar, Osijek, Slavonski Brod and Sisak. Development of traffic and logistic integration processes have been proposed for Croatian sea and river ports, based upon development factors analyses. Croatian sea ports Rijeka, Ploče and inland water cargo ports Osijek, Vukovar, Slavonski Brod and Sisak have been analysed as delivery/forwarding points (nodes), taking into account the directions of goods flows, the participation in the traffic of goods, and all other relevant indicators. The integrated and coordinated approach to the ports and other subjects in the logistic chain redirects the traffic from roads to railways and inland waterways as energy efficient and environmentally – friendly forms of transportation, increases business rationality and optimal organisation users and transportation entities

ANALIZA PRIMJENE ELEKTRIČNE PROPULZIJE NA BRODOVIMA

Tijekom posljednjeg desetljeća u brodarstvu se primjenjuju različiti tipovi brodova što je ovisno o njihovoj namjeni (tankeri, putnički brodovi, brodovi za specijalne namjene i sl.). Kako bi ti brodovi ostvarili svoju namjenu i cilj potrebno je već u fazi početnog dizajniranja pravilno odabrati propulzijski sustav. U posljednje se vrijeme velika prednost daje električnoj propulziji u odnosu na mehaničku i uglavnom se predviđa njezina primjena na brodovima od 2000. godine. Odabir propulzijskog sustava ovisi o fleksibilnosti, sigurnosti, cijeni udobnosti, upotrebljivosti, troškovima održavanja i sl. Sagledavajući osnovnu namjenu broda kao i sve važne parametre može se doći do optimalnog izbora propulzijskog sustava [1]

Wind Assisted Ship PropulsionTechnologies – Can they Help in Emissions Reduction?

According to International Maritime Organization, emissions coming from global shipping are expected to increase 50% to 250% by the year 2050. This concern led to the introduction of various regulations that aims to encourage ship owners and builders to explore innovative renewable technologies. The main focus of this article is on wind-assisted ship propulsion technologies, as a complement to ship propulsion, such as rigid sail, soft sail, wing sail, kite, and Flettner rotor. These technologies are not widely accepted because ship owners have doubts due to the lack of real-life results and their implementation and efficiency greatly depends on ship design and purpose. This article shows the progress in the field of wind-assisted ship propulsion in the last 15 years which proved the concept as they have the potential to reduce fuel consumption, thus emissions, by double digits. The conclusion is drawn, from fuel savings percentages, that rotor and soft sails technologies have great potential in the future of the shipping industry

NAPREZANJA I DEFORMACIJE OREBRENOG MEMBRANSKOG ELEMENTA PRETVORNIKA TLAKA FLUIDA S ELEKTROOTPORNIM MJERNIM TRAKAMA

Mjerno osjetilo svakog pretvornika tlaka fluida s elektrootpornim mjernim trakama, koje se koristi u brodskim postrojenjima, najkritičnija je njegova mehanička komponenta. U radu je dana usporedna analiza naprezanja i deformacija jednog novog konstrukcijskog rješenja mjernog osjetila, oblika kružne membrane ojačane koncentričnim rebrima zbog povećanja krutosti pri savijanju. Kako egzaktno rješenje ne postoji, na osnovi analitičkog rješenja koje se temelji na metodi početnih parametara, te odgovarajućeg programa za računalo, dobivene su ekstremne vrijednosti naprezanja i progibi membrane. Kao eksperimentalna m.etoda korištena je fotoelastična metoda zamrzavanja naprezanja posebno izrađenog i opterećenog modela. Potvrđena je valjanost razmatranog konstrukcijskog rješenja i predložene proračunske metode

Modelling Transport Demands in Maritime Passenger Traffic

In this paper, the research has been carried out on the impact of gross domestic product (GDP) and the number of tourist arrivals (TA) on traffic demand in maritime passenger traffic in the Republic of Croatia. The initial assumption of this study is that the number of passengers carried in Croatian maritime transport (NP) depends on the number of tourist arrivals and the gross domestic product. The results are based on statistical methods of regression and correlation analysis. Tha analysis period spans over the years 1979. – 2013. The obtained insights could help help shippers in maritime passenger transport, and managers at all levels in maritime industry

Valuation of Transport Service Characteristics Relevant for the Establishment of Fast Inter-City Lines in Sea-Borne Passenger Traffic

This paper analyses and evaluates major characteristics of transport services relevant for the organization of fast inter-city lines in maritime passenger transport. Service characteristics that have been subjected to research and assessment include: 1) individual travel costs, 2) travel duration, 3) travel safety, 4) social costs of transport, 5) ability to create a traffic service and 6) other elements of the traffic service. Using descriptive statistics and growth matrix, the analysis reveals that the Ability to create a traffic service and Travel duration, both having direct growth rates of 75 %, will have the largest impact on the establishment of fast inter-city sea-borne lines, followed by the Social costs of transport with the direct growth rate of 68.42 %. The impact of other transport service characteristics on the organization of fast inter-city lines in maritime passenger transport is estimated as moderate